An unproven business model refers to a business strategy or plan that has not yet demonstrated its viability or success in the market. This typically means the model has not undergone significant real-world testing or validation, and there is limited or no empirical evidence supporting its effectiveness or profitability.

In politics, cordon sanitaire is the refusal of one or more political parties to cooperate with certain other political parties. Often this is because the targeted party has strategies or an ideology perceived as unacceptable or radical and extremist

Zainichi Koreans refer to the diaspora of ethnic Koreans residing in Japan, most of whom immigrated during the 1910–45 period of Japanese occupation of Korea. Within the community, there are two prominent organisations, the pro-North Korean Chongryon and the pro-South Korean Mindan. Chongryon notably sponsors the operation of ‘chosen gakko’, which are schools whose curriculum heavily emphasises pro-North Korean ideology and loyalty to the Kim regime. During the 2010s, as part of the increasing hostilities between Japan and North Korea, local Japanese governments reduced support for chosen gakko. This has included cutting state funding for these schools and excluding them in high school tuition fee subsidies.